Which of the following is a condition that can occur in diabetes?

• A. Hypoglycemia
• B. Hyperglycemia
• C. Ketoacidosis
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Diabetes can lead to a range of blood glucose problems, including both low and high levels and serious metabolic disturbances. Hypoglycemia happens when there is too much insulin or not enough glucose in the blood, often related to insulin therapy or missed meals; it’s a warning that your glucose has dropped too low and needs a quick source of carbohydrates. Hyperglycemia is the opposite—glucose stays high due to insufficient insulin, illness, or poor adherence to treatment—and it presents with thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and slow-healing illnesses. Ketoacidosis, or diabetic ketoacidosis, occurs when there isn’t enough insulin, prompting the body to break down fat for fuel and producing ketones that cause a dangerous acid buildup; this is a medical emergency with symptoms like nausea, abdominal pain, rapid breathing, and confusion. Because diabetes can cause all of these conditions under different circumstances, choosing all of the above covers the possible complications.