Which of the following is an autoimmune disorder?

• A. Asthma
• B. Hypertension
• C. Diabetes
• D. Lupus

Answer: (D)

Autoimmune disorders happen when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, causing inflammation and damage. Lupus is a clear example of this, because the immune system produces antibodies that can target many parts of the body—joints, skin, kidneys, and more—leading to a wide range of symptoms and organ involvement.

Asthma involves inflammation of the airways triggered by allergens or irritants, but it isn’t an autoimmune disease. Hypertension is high blood pressure, a cardiovascular issue with different causes. Diabetes is a metabolic/endocrine disorder related to insulin production or use (though type 1 diabetes involves autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells, the common understanding of diabetes in many health contexts isn’t described as autoimmune). So lupus fits the autoimmune category.